Dnya Stainless Steel

321h Stainless Steel Sheet & Plate

321H Stainless Steel Sheet & Plate (UNS S32109, 1.4878)

321H stainless steel, identified as UNS S32109 and EN 1.4878, is a high-carbon variant of Type 321 stainless steel. It is a stabilized austenitic stainless steel alloy primarily used in applications requiring enhanced strength at elevated temperatures. The addition of titanium as a stabilizing element provides excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion, especially after exposure to temperatures in the carbide precipitation range (425–850°C or 800–1560°F).

 

The “H” in 321H denotes a higher carbon content (0.04–0.10%), which improves its strength at high temperatures. This makes it particularly suitable for pressure vessels, heat exchangers, and piping systems operating in extreme thermal environments. The alloy also offers good oxidation resistance up to approximately 900°C (1650°F), enabling its use in environments involving repeated thermal cycling.

 

In sheet and plate forms, 321H is widely employed in industries such as petrochemical, aerospace, and power generation. It is often used for making furnace components, exhaust manifolds, and other structural parts requiring both strength and resistance to corrosion at high temperatures.

Available Thickness

3/16″1/4″5/16″3/8″1/2″5/8″3/4″7/8″1″1 1/8″
4.8mm6.3mm7.9mm9.5mm12.7mm15.9mm19mm22.2mm25.4mm28.6mm
1 1/4″1 1/2″1 3/4″2″2 1/4″2 1/2″2 3/4″3″3 1/2″4″
31.8mm38.1mm44.5mm50.8mm57.2mm63.5mm69.9mm76.2mm88.9mm101.6mm

Application

  • Automotive
  • Chemical and Pharmaceutical
  • Fertilizer
  • Food Processing and Handling
  • Manufacturing
  • Mining
  • Oil & Gas
  • Phosphate Mining

Standard

  • ASTM A240 / A240M
  • ASTM A276 / A276M
  • ASTM A312 / A312M
  • ISO 15510
  • EN 10088-2
  • IN 10204
  • HE G4304
  • HE G4305
  • ASME SA240 / SA240M
  • ASME SA312 / SA312M

Corrosion Resistance

  • General Corrosion: 321H is resistant to oxidation and corrosion in a variety of environments, particularly those with higher temperatures. It performs well in mildly corrosive environments.
  • Intergranular Corrosion: The addition of titanium in 321H helps stabilize the carbon, reducing the risk of intergranular corrosion that can occur in certain high-temperature applications.
  • High-Temperature Corrosion: It’s more resistant to high-temperature oxidation and scaling than many other stainless steels, making it suitable for applications in elevated temperature environments.

321h chemical composition

ElementRange
Carbon (C)0.04% – 0.10%
Chromium (Cr)17.00% – 19.00%
Nickel (Ni)9.00% – 12.00%
Manganese (Mn)2.00% max
Silicon (Si)1.00% max
Titanium (Ti)5 x C% min – 0.70% max
Phosphorus (P)0.045% max
Sulfur (S)0.030% max

 

321H Physical Properties

ElementRange
Carbon (C)0.04% – 0.10%
Chromium (Cr)17.00% – 19.00%
Nickel (Ni)9.00% – 12.00%
Manganese (Mn)2.00% max
Silicon (Si)1.00% max
Titanium (Ti)5 x C% min – 0.70% max
Phosphorus (P)0.045% max
Sulfur (S)0.030% max

321H Mechanical Properties

PropertyValue
Yield Strength205 MPa (30 ksi)
Tensile Strength515 – 725 MPa (75 – 105 ksi)
Elongation40% min (in 50 mm gauge length)
HardnessRockwell B scale: ~85 HRB
Modulus of Elasticity (Young’s Modulus)200 – 210 GPa (29 – 30 × 10⁶ psi)
Poisson’s Ratio~0.27 – 0.30

Fabrication Data

  • Machining : Can be machined using conventional methods. Use sharp tools and avoid excessive heat to prevent work hardening.
  • Welding : Generally weldable using standard techniques. Recommended welding methods include TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) and MIG (Metal Inert Gas). Preheat to 150-260°C (300-500°F) if necessary, and post-weld heat treatment is advised to relieve stresses and avoid intergranular corrosion.
  • Heat Treatment : Solution : Heat to 1010-1120°C (1850-2050°F), then rapidly cool. This process helps to maintain the material’s corrosion resistance and relieve stresses.
  • Forming : Can be cold-formed and hot-formed. Cold forming can cause work hardening; hot forming should be done at temperatures between 870-1230°C (1600-2250°F).
  • Bending : Suitable for bending with appropriate tooling. Ensure proper bend radius to avoid cracking.
  • Cutting : Can be cut using plasma, laser, or water jet cutting methods. Conventional cutting tools may also be used, but ensure that they are in good condition to avoid excessive heat buildup.
  • Annealing : Annealing is typically performed after welding or cold working to restore the material’s properties. Heat to 1010-1120°C (1850-2050°F) and cool rapidly.
  • Cleaning and Passivation : Cleaning to remove contaminants and passivation to enhance corrosion resistance is recommended, especially after fabrication. Use appropriate cleaning agents and passivation solutions.
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