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321 Stainless Steel Sheet & Plate

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321 Stainless Steel Sheet & Plate (UNS S32100,1.4541)

321 stainless steel, classified as UNS S32100 and EN 1.4541, is an austenitic chromium-nickel alloy stabilized with titanium to prevent carbide precipitation during welding and high-temperature exposure. This stabilization enhances the material’s resistance to intergranular corrosion, making it a dependable choice for applications requiring durability and corrosion resistance under thermal stress.

 

Key Features

  • High-Temperature Resistance: 321 stainless steel performs well at temperatures up to 870°C (1600°F) in continuous service and can withstand intermittent temperatures up to 900°C. This makes it ideal for use in high-temperature environments where oxidation and scaling are concerns.
  • Corrosion Resistance: It is highly resistant to intergranular corrosion, especially in heat-affected zones, due to its titanium stabilization. This makes 321 a better choice than 304 for environments where high temperatures or welding processes are involved.
  • Weldability: 321 stainless steel has excellent weldability, particularly in applications requiring welding in high-temperature environments. Titanium stabilizes the alloy, preventing carbide precipitation during welding.
  • Mechanical Properties: Offers good tensile strength (~520 MPa) and ductility, ensuring reliable performance under mechanical stress at elevated temperatures. The material also demonstrates good formability.

 

Technical Specifications:

  • UNS Number: S32100
  • DIN/EN Designation: 1.4541

Available Thickness

3/16″1/4″5/16″3/8″1/2″5/8″3/4″7/8″1″1 1/8″
4.8mm6.3mm7.9mm9.5mm12.7mm15.9mm19mm22.2mm25.4mm28.6mm
1 1/4″1 1/2″1 3/4″2″2 1/4″2 1/2″2 3/4″3″3 1/2″4″
31.8mm38.1mm44.5mm50.8mm57.2mm63.5mm69.9mm76.2mm88.9mm101.6mm
321-stainless-steel-sheet-plate

Application

  • Automotive
  • Chemical and Pharmaceutical
  • Fertilizer
  • Food Processing and Handling
  • Manufacturing
  • Mining
  • Oil & Gas
  • Phosphate Mining

Standard

  • ASTM A240 / A240M
  • ASTM A276 / A276M
  • ASTM A312 / A312M
  • ISO 15510
  • EN 10088-2
  • IN 10204
  • HE G4304
  • HE G4305
  • ASME SA240 / SA240M
  • ASME SA312 / SA312M

Corrosion Resistance

Oxidation Resistance: Grade 321 stainless steel performs well in oxidative environments due to its chromium content, which forms a protective oxide layer on the surface. This layer helps resist oxidation and rusting at elevated temperatures, up to about 900°C (1650°F).

Resistance to Intergranular Corrosion: The addition of titanium in 321 steel stabilizes carbon and reduces the risk of carbide precipitation during welding and high-temperature service. This stabilization minimizes the risk of intergranular corrosion, which can be a problem in other grades of stainless steel when exposed to high temperatures and corrosive environments.

Resistance to Chemical Corrosion: While 321 stainless steel offers good general corrosion resistance, it is less resistant to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking compared to grades like 316. For applications involving chlorides or strong acids, other grades may be more suitable.

Performance in Specific Environments:

  • Sulfuric Acid: Grade 321 shows reasonable resistance to diluted sulfuric acid at lower temperatures but might not be suitable for highly concentrated sulfuric acid.
  • Hydrochloric Acid: It has limited resistance to hydrochloric acid, especially in its concentrated form.
  • Phosphoric Acid: It performs relatively well in phosphoric acid solutions.

Chemical Composition for Stainless Steel Plate 321

ElementPercentage (%)
Carbon (C)0.08 max
Chromium (Cr)17.0 – 19.0
Nickel (Ni)9.0 – 12.0
Titanium (Ti)5 x C min – 0.70 max
Manganese (Mn)2.0 max
Silicon (Si)1.0 max
Phosphorus (P)0.045 max
Sulfur (S)0.03 max

Physical Properties for Stainless Steel Plate 321

PropertyValue
Density8.03 g/cm³ (8030 kg/m³)
Melting Point1375 – 1425°C (2507 – 2597°F)
Thermal Conductivity16.3 W/m·K
Specific Heat Capacity500 J/kg·K
Modulus of Elasticity200 – 210 GPa
Poisson’s Ratio0.27 – 0.30
Thermal Expansion16.0 x 10⁻⁶ /K (20 – 100°C)
Electrical Resistivity0.72 x 10⁻⁶ Ω·m
Hardness (Rockwell B)80 – 95 HRB
Tensile Strength515 – 860 MPa
Yield Strength205 – 310 MPa
Elongation40 – 60%

Mechanical Properties for Stainless Steel Plate 321

PropertyValue
Tensile Strength515 – 860 MPa (75,000 – 125,000 psi)
Yield Strength205 – 310 MPa (30,000 – 45,000 psi)
Elongation40 – 60%
Hardness (Rockwell B)80 – 95 HRB
Impact Toughness100 J (73 ft·lbf) at -196°C (-320°F)
Modulus of Elasticity200 – 210 GPa (29,000 – 30,500 ksi)
Reduction of Area50% (typical)
Fatigue StrengthApproximately 170 MPa (24,000 psi) at 10⁶ cycles

Fabrication Data

  • Cutting: Stainless steel 321 can be cut using various methods such as shearing, laser cutting, water jet cutting, or plasma cutting.
  • Welding: This grade is readily weldable using most standard welding processes, including TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), and resistance welding. However, preheat and post-weld heat treatment may be required to avoid sensitization.
  • Machining: It can be machined using standard techniques but might require specialized tooling due to its hardness and work hardening characteristics.
  • Forming: Stainless steel 321 can be formed using processes like bending, stamping, or roll forming. Proper tooling and setup are needed to handle its strength and toughness.
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