Dnya Stainless Steel

316L Stainless Steel Sheet & Plate

Stainless Steel Sheet & Plate 316L (UNS S31603,1.4404)

316L stainless steel (UNS S31603) is a low-carbon variation of 316 stainless steel. It retains all the key benefits of the standard 316 grade, such as excellent corrosion resistance and strength, but with a reduced carbon content (0.03% max) to improve weldability and prevent carbide precipitation during welding. This makes 316L stainless steel an ideal choice for applications that require both high resistance to corrosion and excellent weldability in critical or high-temperature environments.

 

Key Features

  • Corrosion Resistance: 316L stainless steel offers exceptional resistance to a wide variety of corrosive environments, including chloride corrosion, pitting, and crevice corrosion. The low carbon content also enhances its resistance to sensitization, which can occur during welding in higher carbon grades.
  • High-Temperature Resistance: While 316L is not as heat-resistant as 316H, it still performs well in environments exposed to moderate temperatures (up to around 870°C) without compromising its mechanical properties or resistance to oxidation.
  • Mechanical Properties: 316L provides good tensile strength (~480 MPa) and elongation, making it suitable for structural applications. Its low carbon content also improves its resistance to stress corrosion cracking and ensures its performance in environments where stability is critical.
  • Weldability and Fabricability: The low carbon content in 316L enhances its weldability and ensures strong, durable welds without the risk of carbide precipitation, which could weaken the material and lead to intergranular corrosion.

 

Technical Specifications:

  • UNS Number: S31603
  • DIN/EN Designation: 1.4404

Available Thickness

3/16″
1/4″
5/16″
3/8″
7/16″
1/2″
9/16″
5/8″
3/4″
7/8″
1″
1 1/8″
4.8mm
6.3mm
7.9mm
9.5mm
11.1mm
12.7mm
14.3mm
15.9mm
19mm
22.2mm
25.4mm
28.6mm
1 1/4″
1 3/8″
1 1/2″
1 5/8″
1 3/4″
2″
2 1/4″
2 1/2″
2 3/4″
3″
3 1/4″
3 1/2″
31.8mm
34.9mm
38.1mm
41.3mm
44.5mm
50.8mm
57.2mm
63.5mm
69.9mm
76.2mm
82.6mm
88.9mm
3 3/4″
4″
4 1/4″
4 1/2″
4 3/4″
5″
5 1/4″
5 1/2″
5 3/4″
6″
95.3mm
101.6mm
108mm
114.3mm
120.7mm
127mm
133.4mm
139.7mm
146.1mm
152.4mm

Application

  • Automotive
  • Chemical and Pharmaceutical
  • Fertilizer
  • Food Processing and Handling
  • Manufacturing
  • Mining
  • Oil & Gas
  • Phosphate Mining

Standard

  • ASTM A240 / A240M
  • ASTM A276 / A276M
  • ASTM A312 / A312M
  • ISO 15510
  • EN 10088-2
  • IN 10204
  • HE G4304
  • HE G4305
  • ASME SA240 / SA240M
  • ASME SA312 / SA312M

Worldwide equivalents of grade 316

(USA: AISI, ASTM, UNS)

Country
Standard
Grade
USA
ASTM
316 / 316L
USA
AISI
316 / 316L
Germany
DIN
X5CrNiMo17-12-2
Europe
EN
1.4401 / 1.4404
UK
BS
316S31 / 316S11
Japan
JIS
SUS316 / SUS316L
International
ISO
316 / 316L

Corrosion Resistance

  • Marine and Chloride Environments: 316L is particularly resistant to corrosion in marine environments and in the presence of chlorides, which makes it suitable for use in coastal areas, chemical processing, and other environments where chloride exposure is a concern.
  • Pitting and Crevice Corrosion: The alloy’s resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion is notably good, but it can be affected by extremely high chloride concentrations. It typically performs well in environments with moderate chloride levels.
  • Stress Corrosion Cracking: 316L exhibits good resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in most environments. However, in certain conditions—such as very high temperatures and highly chlorinated environments—SCC can still be a risk.
  • Oxidation Resistance: 316L performs well in oxidative environments and can withstand high temperatures, but prolonged exposure to high temperatures (above 870°C or 1600°F) might lead to oxidation and scaling.
  • Chemical Resistance: It has good resistance to a wide range of chemicals, including acids like sulfuric and phosphoric acids, and is often used in chemical processing industries for this reason.
  • Passivation: The corrosion resistance of 316L can be enhanced through passivation, a process that removes free iron from the surface and enhances the chromium oxide layer that provides corrosion resistance.

Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel 316L

Element
Composition (% by weight)
Carbon (C)
0.03 max
Manganese (Mn)
2.00 max
Silicon (Si)
1.00 max
Phosphorus (P)
0.045 max
Sulfur (S)
0.03 max
Chromium (Cr)
16.00 – 18.00
Nickel (Ni)
10.00 – 14.00

Physical Properties of Stainless Steel 316L

Property
Value
Density
~8.0 g/cm³ (8000 kg/m³)
Melting Point
~1375-1400°C (2500-2550°F)
Modulus of Elasticity
~193-200 GPa (28,000-29,000 ksi)
Thermal Conductivity
~16 W/m·K
Thermal Expansion
~16 × 10⁻⁶ /°C (9 × 10⁻⁶ /°F)
Specific Heat Capacity
~500 J/kg·K
Electrical Resistivity
~0.72 µΩ·m

Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel 316L

Property
Value
Yield Strength
~170 MPa (25 ksi)
Tensile Strength
~480 MPa (70 ksi)
Elongation
~40% (in 50 mm gauge length)
Hardness
~85 HRB (Rockwell B)
Modulus of Elasticity
~193-200 GPa (28,000-29,000 ksi)
Poisson’s Ratio
~0.30
Fatigue Strength
~230 MPa (33.4 ksi)

Fabrication Data

  • Cutting: Can be cut using plasma arc, water jet, laser, or shearing methods.
  • Welding: 316L is well-suited for welding, including TIG, MIG, and stick welding. Use appropriate filler materials and ensure proper shielding gas to prevent contamination.
  • Machining: Stainless steel 316L can be machined using standard machining techniques, though carbide tools are recommended due to its toughness.
  • Heat Treatment: Generally not heat-treated, but annealing can be done at around 1040-1150°C for stress relief.
  • Cold Working: Can be cold worked to improve hardness and strength. However, ensure proper annealing to avoid brittleness.
  • Polishing: Polished surfaces can be achieved using mechanical polishing or chemical treatments to improve corrosion resistance and appearance.
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