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316 Stainless Steel Sheet & Plate

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316 Stainless Steel Sheet & Plate (UNS S31600, 1.4401)

316 stainless steel, classified as UNS S31600, is an austenitic stainless steel alloy known for its superior corrosion resistance, particularly in marine and highly corrosive environments. It includes 16-18% chromium, 10-14% nickel, and 2-3% molybdenum, which makes it more resistant to corrosion, pitting, and crevice corrosion than 304 stainless steel. The addition of molybdenum makes 316 stainless steel especially resistant to chloride-induced corrosion, making it the material of choice for a wide range of industrial and marine applications.

 

Key Features

  • Corrosion Resistance: 316 stainless steel excels in resistance to a variety of corrosive environments, including saltwater, chlorides, and acidic conditions. Its molybdenum content provides enhanced resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion.
  • High-Temperature Resistance: This alloy performs well at elevated temperatures (up to around 870°C in continuous service), maintaining its strength and corrosion resistance even in high-heat environments.
  • Mechanical Properties: With a tensile strength of around 580 MPa and good ductility, 316 stainless steel offers robust performance in demanding applications.
  • Formability and Weldability: 316 stainless steel is easy to fabricate and weld, allowing it to be used in a variety of applications requiring intricate designs and reliable joins.

 

Technical Specifications:

  • UNS Number: S31600
  • DIN/EN Designation: 1.4401

Available Thickness

3/16″
1/4″
5/16″
3/8″
7/16″
1/2″
9/16″
5/8″
3/4″
7/8″
1″
1 1/8″
4.8mm
6.3mm
7.9mm
9.5mm
11.1mm
12.7mm
14.3mm
15.9mm
19mm
22.2mm
25.4mm
28.6mm
1 1/4″
1 3/8″
1 1/2″
1 5/8″
1 3/4″
2″
2 1/4″
2 1/2″
2 3/4″
3″
3 1/4″
3 1/2″
31.8mm
34.9mm
38.1mm
41.3mm
44.5mm
50.8mm
57.2mm
63.5mm
69.9mm
76.2mm
82.6mm
88.9mm
3 3/4″
4″
4 1/4″
4 1/2″
4 3/4″
5″
5 1/4″
5 1/2″
5 3/4″
6″
95.3mm
101.6mm
108mm
114.3mm
120.7mm
127mm
133.4mm
139.7mm
146.1mm
152.4mm
316-stainless-steel-sheet-plate

Application

  • Automotive
  • Chemical and Pharmaceutical
  • Fertilizer
  • Food Processing and Handling
  • Manufacturing
  • Mining
  • Oil & Gas
  • Phosphate Mining

Standard

  • ASTM A240 / A240M
  • ASTM A276 / A276M
  • ASTM A312 / A312M
  • ISO 15510
  • EN 10088-2
  • IN 10204
  • HE G4304
  • HE G4305
  • ASME SA240 / SA240M
  • ASME SA312 / SA312M

Worldwide Equivalents of Grade 316

Country
Standard
Grade
USA
ASTM
316 / 316L
USA
AISI
316 / 316L
Germany
DIN
X5CrNiMo17-12-2
Europe
EN
1.4401 / 1.4404
UK
BS
316S31 / 316S11
Japan
JIS
SUS316 / SUS316L
International
ISO
316 / 316L

Corrosion Resistance

  • General Resistance: 316 stainless steel offers superior corrosion resistance compared to 304 stainless steel, particularly against chlorides and other industrial solvents.
  • Pitting and Crevice Corrosion: It performs well in resisting pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments, making it suitable for applications like coastal or marine environments.
  • Stress Corrosion Cracking: 316 stainless steel also provides better resistance to stress corrosion cracking compared to 304, which is beneficial in high-stress, high-temperature environments.

Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel 316

Element
Typical Range (%)
 Iron (Fe)
Balance
Chromium (Cr)
16.0 – 18.0
Nickel (Ni)
10.0 – 14.0
Molybdenum (Mo)
2.0 – 3.0
Manganese (Mn)
2.0 max
Silicon (Si)
1.0 max
Carbon (C)
0.08 max
Phosphorus (P)
0.045 max
Sulfur (S)
0.03 max

Physical Properties of Stainless Steel 316

Property
Value
Density
7.98 g/cm³ (7980 kg/m³)
Melting Point
1375 – 1400°C (2507 – 2552°F)
Thermal Conductivity
16.2 W/m·K
Specific Heat Capacity
500 J/kg·K
Young’s Modulus
193 – 200 GPa (28,000 – 29,000 ksi)
Poisson’s Ratio
0.27 – 0.30
Ultimate Tensile Strength
530 – 690 MPa (77,000 – 100,000 psi)
Yield Strength
290 – 620 MPa (42,000 – 90,000 psi)
Elongation at Break
40 – 50%
Hardness (Brinell)
217 – 247 HB
Hardness (Rockwell B)
85 – 95 RB

Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel 316

Property
Value
Density
7.99 g/cm³
Tensile Strength
515 MPa (74,700 psi)
Yield Strength
205 MPa (29,700 psi)
Modulus of Elasticity
193-200 GPa
Poisson’s Ratio
0.25
Elongation at Break
40% in 50 mm
Hardness, Brinell
146 HB
Hardness, Rockwell B
79 HRB
Melting Point  
1375-1400°C (2507-2552°F)
Thermal Conductivity
16.3 W/m-K at 100°C
Thermal Expansion
16.5 µm/m-°C between 0-100°C
Specific Heat Capacity
500 J/kg-K at 0-100°C
Electrical Resistivity
740 nΩ·m at 20°C

Fabrication Data

  • Cutting: Plasma cutting, laser cutting, and water jet cutting are commonly used. Ensure proper cooling to prevent warping.
  • Machining: Stainless steel 316 is machinable but requires sharp tooling and slow speeds to avoid work hardening.
  • Welding: Suitable methods include TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) and MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding. Use filler rods compatible with 316, such as ER316L.
  • Bending: Requires careful control of heat and tooling to avoid cracking and maintain the desired radius.
  • Drilling: Use high-quality drill bits and coolants to prevent overheating and maintain accuracy.
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